Recognize Symptoms of Gynecologic Cancers
As we age, the risk of certain health issues, including gynecologic cancers, increases. Arming ourselves with knowledge about symptoms, risk factors, and screening options serves as our best defense given the critical nature of early detection and treatment.
Ovarian cancer often remains silent in its early stages, making it challenging to detect. However, as it progresses, subtle clues may emerge, including abdominal bloating, changes in appetite, pelvic or abdominal discomfort, and irregularities in bowel or bladder function. Infertility, hormone replacement therapy (HRT), and endometriosis elevate the risk of ovarian cancer. Other risk factors include a family history of ovarian cancer, breast cancer, or the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. Genetic testing has emerged as a powerful tool, shedding light on one’s susceptibility to gynecologic cancers, particularly ovarian cancer, thereby empowering women to take proactive measures to lessen their risk.
The hallmark symptom of uterine—or endometrial—cancer is abnormal bleeding, especially postmenopausal vaginal bleeding. The American Cancer Society recommends that women at increased risk of uterine cancer see their doctor when they experience any vaginal bleeding. Some of the risk factors include being over 60 years of age, having obesity, having type 2 diabetes, and never having been pregnant. Use of HRT for more than 10 years also puts women at risk for endometrial cancer.
Cervical cancer is highly treatable in its early stages, but symptoms don’t usually manifest until later in the disease process. This underscores the importance of regular screening, which includes Pap tests and/or human papillomavirus (HPV) testing. Symptoms that may eventually surface include irregular vaginal bleeding, bleeding during intercourse, abnormal vaginal discharge, pelvic or back discomfort, and changes in bowel or urinary patterns.
Understanding the telltale signs of all gynecologic cancers—abnormal vaginal bleeding or discharge, sensations of fullness, bloating, abdominal or pelvic discomfort, and alterations in urinary or bowel habits—is critical for prompt medical attention and intervention.
By recognizing symptoms, understanding risk factors, and discussing concerns with your doctor, you can take proactive steps toward early detection and effective management of these cancers, ultimately safeguarding your health and well-being.
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