Opinion: How good are AI health technologies? We have no idea
AI has the ability to revolutionize human health. It is used to detect potentially cancerous lesions in medical images, to screen for eye disease, and to predict whether a patient in the intensive care unit could have a brain-damaging seizure. Even your smartwatch has AI built into it; it can estimate your heart rate and detect whether you have atrial fibrillation. But how good are these algorithms generally? The truth is, we just don’t know.
Answering this question is a nightmare. The only way to evaluate AI models — or create them in the first place — is to have a large, diverse, medical dataset. The dataset must include enough patients of all kinds to ensure the AI model behaves well across different groups of people. It must be representative of all the situations in which the model might be used, whether it is in regional hospitals or major medical centers. The dataset also has to include medical outcomes, so an AI model trying to predict these outcomes can be evaluated against the truth.
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