Be Aware of Pneumonia Symptoms and Vaccination’s Role in Prevention
Sometimes what seems like a bad cold is actually much more than that. For instance, pneumonia is a potentially fatal lung infection that can be mistaken for bronchitis, asthma, the flu, and— yes—even the common cold. More than 90 percent of pneumonia deaths occur in people ages 65 and older. This is due to increased susceptibility to infections and decreased immune function as we age, which makes it harder to fight off infections. While the risk of pneumonia is slightly lower among women than men, studies show that older women may have a tougher time recovering from this condition. This makes it essential for women to recognize pneumonia’s subtle,- yet-serious symptoms and discuss preventive measures, including vaccination, with their health-care provider.
Symptoms, Risks, and Causes
Symptoms of pneumonia include cough, sputum or phlegm, fever, shortness of breath, and exhaustion. These classic symptoms are more apparent in individuals with a robust immune system, while immunocompromised people might experience subtler signs, such as increased fatigue, overall functional decline, or even falls. “If a chronically ill person is not feeling well, not functioning well, sleeping more, and in some instances, falling down, their doctor should have a high level of suspicion of pneumonia, and that should be verified by getting a chest x-ray,” says Michael S. Niederman, MD, Professor of Clinical Medicine in Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine.
Pneumonia can affect anyone, but certain factors increase susceptibility. Risk factors include cigarette smoking, underlying heart and lung diseases, diabetes, alcohol abuse, and chronic liver and kidney disease. Additionally, those with a weakened immune system, such as people undergoing chemotherapy, are more vulnerable to pneumonia. “The danger of contracting pneumonia is higher if you have underlying chronic medical problems. But, even previously healthy individuals sometimes get severe pneumonia that can put them in the hospital or even in the intensive care unit. The reason: Some people have an excessive inflammatory response to the infection that can make them very sick,” says Dr. Niederman.
The Role of Vaccination
Preventing pneumonia is crucial, and vaccination plays a vital role. “The most important vaccines for pneumonia prevention are the yearly influenza vaccine and the pneumococcal vaccine,” says Dr. Niederman. There are several pneumococcal vaccines, including pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV) and pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccines (PPSV). Currently, the CDC recommends that all adults ages 65 and older receive the PCV15 or PCV20 vaccine, and if the PCV15 is used, it should be followed by a dose of the PPSV23 at least one year later. People who have risk factors or conditions that make them more susceptible are advised to get vaccinated at a younger age.
Dr. Niederman points out that there is also a newly approved vaccine, PCV21, that is not included in the CDC’s current recommendations.
“PCV21 can be used interchangeably in place of PCV20. It covers more of the invasive pneumococcal strains than any other vaccine option,” says Dr. Niederman. Understanding which vaccine is right for you may be daunting, which is why it’s best to discuss pneumonia vaccination with your primary care physician or your pulmonary doctor, if you are under the care of one for respiratory issues. Your health-care provider can determine the appropriate vaccine and schedule based on your health status and vaccination history.
Pneumonia Treatment
Pneumonia is most often caused by either a viral or a bacterial infection, and typically involves treatment with antibiotics. Additional treatments include rest, hydration, and supplemental oxygen if needed. Steroids might be prescribed in severe bacterial cases, but can be harmful for pneumonia caused by viruses. Having pneumonia once increases the risk of recurrence, so adhering to the full course of prescribed medications and medical advice is critical.
Road to Recovery
Recovery from pneumonia can be prolonged, especially for older adults. Healing involves patience, rest, and a gradual return to normal activities. Follow your doctor’s advice closely to ensure a complete recovery.
By staying informed about the risks, prevention strategies, and treatment options, women can better protect themselves against pneumonia.
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