Diets Impact Health and the Environment

Researchers reviewed and assessed impacts of popular diets, including vegan, vegetarian, pescatarian, paleo, keto, and other omnivore patterns. The pescatarian diet averaged the healthiest and plant-based diets had the lowest environmental impacts whereas keto- and paleo-style diets had the greatest environmental impacts. Data from more than 16,000 adult diets was used to assign point values based on diet quality and carbon footprint. Vegan diets had the lowest carbon footprint, followed by vegetarian and pescatarian, while pescatarian was highest in nutritional quality, followed by vegetarian and vegan. Most study participants followed an omnivore diet, which ranked in the middle in terms of quality and eco impact, with paleo- and keto-style diets scoring among the lowest in both. 

BMJ Open, April 2023

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