ROBVALU: a tool for assessing risk of bias in studies about people’s values, utilities, or importance of health outcomes

Healthcare decision making relies on evidence on the relative effectiveness, safety, and cost effectiveness of an intervention evaluated in appropriate studies.12 Choosing between different interventions (such as preventive, diagnostic, or treatment strategies) depends on the importance or value that people place on specific health states or health outcomes.2 Values have a major role at different levels of decision making, from the individual level to the healthcare system level. In this context, people’s values reflect the importance they place on outcomes of interest that result from decisions about using an intervention—for example, taking a certain test or starting a new treatment regimen.2 We use the term “people” when talking about value because the term is inclusive to patients, healthcare providers, policy makers, and the general public. Utility instruments are widely used to elicit the absolute value of a health outcome, and provide an index measure anchored on a scale with 1…
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