Building a Better Breakfast

Why is breakfast routinely touted as the most important meal of the day?  Because numerous health benefits have been linked to eating breakfast, including lower blood pressure, LDL cholesterol, and triglyceride levels, improved focus and concentration, and maintaining a healthy weight. Other research suggests that bypassing breakfast may increase the risks of chronic diseases, including heart disease, obesity, and type 2 diabetes. Breakfast eaters also tend to consume more fiber, vitamins, and minerals than breakfast skippers.

However, not all breakfasts are equal in nutrition.

An Optimal Breakfast

“Eating breakfast is commonly promoted as a healthy habit, but it’s not just that you eat in the morning—it’s what you eat in the morning,” says Jenna Rosenfeld, MS, RD, CDN, CNSC, a dietitian at NewYork-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell. In general, pair protein-rich foods such as eggs, lean meat, legumes, tofu, low-fat dairy products, or nuts with nutrient-dense, fiber-rich carbohydrate foods, such as whole grains, fruits, and vegetables. The protein promotes satiety (fullness) to help tide you over until lunch, while the carbohydrates help supply energy and replenish blood sugar levels after an overnight fast.

Between 15 and 25 percent of your daily calories should be consumed at breakfast, assuming you eat three meals and at least one snack daily. On average, women need about 1,800 calories daily to maintain their weight, which means a breakfast of 270 to 450 calories is generally appropriate.

The Weight Issue

Many people who are attempting to lose weight skip breakfast to reduce their calorie intake, but studies have shown that people who eat healthy breakfasts are less likely to be overweight and less likely to gain weight than people who go without food in the morning. One reason for this may be that going without food for 12 or 14 hours signals your body to go into starvation mode, meaning that, when you finally do eat, it will store some calories as fat in preparation for the next stretch without food.

Another common result of skipping breakfast is eating more calories later in the day to make up for what your body interprets as a calorie deficit. When you haven’t eaten for a long period of time, your hunger hormones are more likely to signal that you’re still hungry, even when your stomach is full.

Your Morning Appetite

If you’re not hungry when you get out of bed, you don’t have to eat breakfast immediately—it can be eaten within two to three hours of getting up. If you’re not used to eating breakfast, try eating a small morning snack for a few weeks; this may help you develop an appetite for breakfast. Also consider your snacking habits in the evening; if you tend to eat at night, that may be why you’re not very hungry the next morning. Moreover, many typical nighttime snacks are “empty-calorie” foods that are high in saturated fat and/or refined flour and sugar.

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